#define MYNN_DBG_LVL 3000
!WRF:MODEL_LAYER:PHYSICS
!
MODULE module_sf_mynn 3
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
!Modifications implemented by Joseph Olson NOAA/GSD/AMB - CU/CIRES
!for WRFv3.4, v3.4.1, v3.5.1, v3.6, v3.7.1, and v3.9:
!
! BOTH LAND AND WATER:
!1) Calculation of stability parameter (z/L) taken from Li et al. (2010 BLM)
! for first iteration of first time step; afterwards, exact calculation.
!2) Fixed isflux=0 option to turn off scalar fluxes, but keep momentum
! fluxes for idealized studies (credit: Anna Fitch).
!3) Kinematic viscosity now varies with temperature
!4) Uses Monin-Obukhov flux-profile relationships more consistent with
! those used in the MYNN PBL code.
!5) Allows negative QFX, similar to MYJ scheme
!
! LAND only:
!1) iz0tlnd option is now available with the following options:
! (default) =0: Zilitinkevich (1995)
! =1: Czil_new (modified according to Chen & Zhang 2008)
! =2: Modified Yang et al (2002, 2008) - generalized for all landuse
! =3: constant zt = z0/7.4 (original form; Garratt 1992)
! =4: Pan et al. (1994) with RUC mods for z_q, zili for z_t
!2) Relaxed u* minimum from 0.1 to 0.01
!
! WATER only:
!1) isftcflx option is now available with the following options:
! (default) =0: z0, zt, and zq from the COARE algorithm. Set COARE_OPT (below) to
! 3.0 (Fairall et al. 2003)
! 3.5 (Edson et al 2013; default)
! =1: z0 from Davis et al (2008), zt & zq from COARE 3.0/3.5
! =2: z0 from Davis et al (2008), zt & zq from Garratt (1992)
! =3: z0 from Taylor and Yelland (2004), zt and zq from COARE 3.0/3.5
! =4: z0 from Zilitinkevich (2001), zt & zq from COARE 3.0/3.5
!
! SNOW/ICE only:
!1) Added Andreas (2002) snow/ice parameterization for thermal and
! moisture roughness to help reduce the cool/moist bias in the arctic
! region. Also added a z0 mod for snow (Andreas et al. 2005, BLM), which
!
! Misc:
! 2) added a more elaborate diagnostic for u10 & V10 for high vertical resolution
! model configurations.
!
! New for v3.9:
! - option for stochastic parameter perturbations (SPP)
!
!NOTE: This code was primarily tested in combination with the RUC LSM.
! Performance with the Noah (or other) LSM is relatively unknown.
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
USE module_model_constants
, only: &
&p1000mb, cp, xlv, ep_2
USE module_sf_sfclay, ONLY: sfclayinit
USE module_bl_mynn, only: tv0, mym_condensation
USE module_wrf_error
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLICIT NONE
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
REAL, PARAMETER :: xlvcp=xlv/cp, ep_3=1.-ep_2
REAL, PARAMETER :: wmin=0.1 ! Minimum wind speed
REAL, PARAMETER :: VCONVC=1.0
REAL, PARAMETER :: SNOWZ0=0.011
REAL, PARAMETER :: COARE_OPT=3.5 ! 3.0 or 3.5
REAL, DIMENSION(0:1000 ),SAVE :: PSIMTB,PSIHTB
CONTAINS
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE mynn_sf_init_driver(allowed_to_read) 1,1
LOGICAL, INTENT(in) :: allowed_to_read
!Fill the PSIM and PSIH tables. The subroutine "sfclayinit"
!can be found in module_sf_sfclay.F. This subroutine returns
!the forms from Dyer and Hicks (1974).
CALL sfclayinit(allowed_to_read)
END SUBROUTINE mynn_sf_init_driver
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE SFCLAY_mynn( & 3,2
U3D,V3D,T3D,QV3D,P3D,dz8w, &
CP,G,ROVCP,R,XLV,PSFCPA,CHS,CHS2,CQS2,CPM, &
ZNT,UST,PBLH,MAVAIL,ZOL,MOL,REGIME,PSIM,PSIH, &
XLAND,HFX,QFX,LH,TSK,FLHC,FLQC,QGH,QSFC,RMOL, &
U10,V10,TH2,T2,Q2,SNOWH, &
GZ1OZ0,WSPD,BR,ISFFLX,DX, &
SVP1,SVP2,SVP3,SVPT0,EP1,EP2, &
KARMAN,itimestep,ch,th3d,pi3d,qc3d,rho3d, &
tsq,qsq,cov,sh3d,el_pbl,qcg, &
icloud_bl,qc_bl,cldfra_bl, &
spp_pbl,pattern_spp_pbl, &
ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, &
ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, &
its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte, &
ustm,ck,cka,cd,cda,isftcflx,iz0tlnd, &
bl_mynn_cloudpdf)
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLICIT NONE
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
!-- U3D 3D u-velocity interpolated to theta points (m/s)
!-- V3D 3D v-velocity interpolated to theta points (m/s)
!-- T3D 3D temperature (K)
!-- QV3D 3D water vapor mixing ratio (Kg/Kg)
!-- P3D 3D pressure (Pa)
!-- RHO3D 3D density (kg/m3)
!-- dz8w 3D dz between full levels (m)
!-- CP heat capacity at constant pressure for dry air (J/kg/K)
!-- G acceleration due to gravity (m/s^2)
!-- ROVCP R/CP
!-- R gas constant for dry air (J/kg/K)
!-- XLV latent heat of vaporization for water (J/kg)
!-- PSFCPA surface pressure (Pa)
!-- ZNT roughness length (m)
!-- UST u* in similarity theory (m/s)
!-- USTM u* in similarity theory (m/s) w* added to WSPD. This is
! used to couple with TKE scheme but not in MYNN.
! (as of now, USTM = UST in this version)
!-- PBLH PBL height from previous time (m)
!-- MAVAIL surface moisture availability (between 0 and 1)
!-- ZOL z/L height over Monin-Obukhov length
!-- MOL T* (similarity theory) (K)
!-- RMOL Reciprocal of M-O length (/m)
!-- REGIME flag indicating PBL regime (stable, unstable, etc.)
!-- PSIM similarity stability function for momentum
!-- PSIH similarity stability function for heat
!-- XLAND land mask (1 for land, 2 for water)
!-- HFX upward heat flux at the surface (W/m^2)
!-- QFX upward moisture flux at the surface (kg/m^2/s)
!-- LH net upward latent heat flux at surface (W/m^2)
!-- TSK surface temperature (K)
!-- FLHC exchange coefficient for heat (W/m^2/K)
!-- FLQC exchange coefficient for moisture (kg/m^2/s)
!-- CHS heat/moisture exchange coefficient for LSM (m/s)
!-- QGH lowest-level saturated mixing ratio
!-- QSFC qv (specific humidity) at the surface
!-- QSFCMR qv (mixing ratio) at the surface
!-- U10 diagnostic 10m u wind
!-- V10 diagnostic 10m v wind
!-- TH2 diagnostic 2m theta (K)
!-- T2 diagnostic 2m temperature (K)
!-- Q2 diagnostic 2m mixing ratio (kg/kg)
!-- SNOWH Snow height (m)
!-- GZ1OZ0 log((z1+ZNT)/ZNT) where ZNT is roughness length
!-- WSPD wind speed at lowest model level (m/s)
!-- BR bulk Richardson number in surface layer
!-- ISFFLX isfflx=1 for surface heat and moisture fluxes
!-- DX horizontal grid size (m)
!-- SVP1 constant for saturation vapor pressure (=0.6112 kPa)
!-- SVP2 constant for saturation vapor pressure (=17.67 dimensionless)
!-- SVP3 constant for saturation vapor pressure (=29.65 K)
!-- SVPT0 constant for saturation vapor pressure (=273.15 K)
!-- EP1 constant for virtual temperature (Rv/Rd - 1) (dimensionless)
!-- EP2 constant for spec. hum. calc (Rd/Rv = 0.622) (dimensionless)
!-- EP3 constant for spec. hum. calc (1 - Rd/Rv = 0.378 ) (dimensionless)
!-- KARMAN Von Karman constant
!-- ck enthalpy exchange coeff at 10 meters
!-- cd momentum exchange coeff at 10 meters
!-- cka enthalpy exchange coeff at the lowest model level
!-- cda momentum exchange coeff at the lowest model level
!-- isftcflx =0: z0, zt, and zq from COARE3.0/3.5 (Fairall et al 2003/Edson et al 2013)
! (water =1: z0 from Davis et al (2008), zt & zq from COARE3.0/3.5
! only) =2: z0 from Davis et al (2008), zt & zq from Garratt (1992)
! =3: z0 from Taylor and Yelland (2004), zt and zq from COARE 3.0/3.5
! =4: z0 from Zilitinkevich (2001), zt & zq from COARE 3.0/3.5
!-- iz0tlnd =0: Zilitinkevich (1995) with Czil=0.10,
! (land =1: Czil_new (modified according to Chen & Zhang 2008)
! only) =2: Modified Yang et al (2002, 2008) - generalized for all landuse
! =3: constant zt = z0/7.4 (Garratt 1992)
! =4: Pan et al (1994) for zq; ZIlitintevich for zt
!-- bl_mynn_cloudpdf =0: Mellor & Yamada
! =1: Kuwano et al.
!-- el_pbl = mixing length from PBL scheme (meters)
!-- Sh3d = Stability finction for heat (unitless)
!-- cov = T'q' from PBL scheme
!-- tsq = T'T' from PBL scheme
!-- qsq = q'q' from PBL scheme
!-- icloud_bl = namelist option for subgrid scale cloud/radiation feedback
!-- qc_bl = subgrid scale (bloundary layer) clouds
!-- cldfra_bl = subgridscale cloud fraction
!
!-- ids start index for i in domain
!-- ide end index for i in domain
!-- jds start index for j in domain
!-- jde end index for j in domain
!-- kds start index for k in domain
!-- kde end index for k in domain
!-- ims start index for i in memory
!-- ime end index for i in memory
!-- jms start index for j in memory
!-- jme end index for j in memory
!-- kms start index for k in memory
!-- kme end index for k in memory
!-- its start index for i in tile
!-- ite end index for i in tile
!-- jts start index for j in tile
!-- jte end index for j in tile
!-- kts start index for k in tile
!-- kte end index for k in tile
!=================================================================
! SCALARS
!===================================
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, &
ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, &
its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: itimestep
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: SVP1,SVP2,SVP3,SVPT0
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: EP1,EP2,KARMAN
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: CP,G,ROVCP,R,XLV,DX
!NAMELIST OPTIONS:
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: ISFFLX
INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(IN) :: ISFTCFLX, IZ0TLND,&
bl_mynn_cloudpdf,&
icloud_bl
INTEGER, INTENT(IN),OPTIONAL :: spp_pbl
!===================================
! 3D VARIABLES
!===================================
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme ) , &
INTENT(IN ) :: dz8w, &
QV3D, &
P3D, &
T3D, &
QC3D, &
U3D,V3D, &
RHO3D,th3d,pi3d,tsq,qsq,cov,sh3d,el_pbl
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme ) :: qc_bl, &
cldfra_bl
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme ), INTENT(IN),OPTIONAL ::pattern_spp_pbl
!===================================
! 2D VARIABLES
!===================================
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , &
INTENT(IN ) :: MAVAIL, &
PBLH, &
XLAND, &
TSK, &
QCG, &
PSFCPA ,&
SNOWH
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , &
INTENT(OUT ) :: U10,V10, &
TH2,T2,Q2
REAL, OPTIONAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , &
INTENT(OUT) :: ck,cka,cd,cda,ustm
!
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) , &
INTENT(INOUT) :: REGIME, &
HFX, &
QFX, &
LH, &
MOL,RMOL, &
QSFC, QGH, &
ZNT, &
ZOL, &
UST, &
CPM, &
CHS2, &
CQS2, &
CHS, &
CH, &
FLHC,FLQC, &
GZ1OZ0,WSPD,BR, &
PSIM,PSIH
!ADDITIONAL OUTPUT
!JOE-begin
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime, jms:jme ) :: z0zt_ratio, &
BulkRi,wstar,qstar,resist,logres
!JOE-end
!===================================
! 1D LOCAL ARRAYS
!===================================
REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: U1D, &
V1D, &
U1D2,V1D2, & !level2 winds
QV1D, &
P1D, &
T1D,QC1D, &
RHO1D, &
dz8w1d, & !level 1 height
dz2w1d !level 2 height
REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: rstoch1D
! VARIABLE FOR PASSING TO MYM_CONDENSATION
REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kts+1 ) :: dummy1,dummy2,dummy3,dummy4, &
dummy5,dummy6,dummy7,dummy8, &
dummy9,dummy10,dummy11, &
dummy12,dummy13,dummy14
REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ) :: vt1,vq1
REAL, DIMENSION(kts:kts+1) :: thl, qw, vt, vq
REAL :: ql
INTEGER :: I,J,K,itf,jtf,ktf
!-----------------------------------------------------------
itf=MIN0(ite,ide-1)
jtf=MIN0(jte,jde-1)
ktf=MIN0(kte,kde-1)
DO J=jts,jte
DO i=its,ite
dz8w1d(I) = dz8w(i,kts,j)
dz2w1d(I) = dz8w(i,kts+1,j)
U1D(i) =U3D(i,kts,j)
V1D(i) =V3D(i,kts,j)
!2nd model level winds - for diags with high-res grids
U1D2(i) =U3D(i,kts+1,j)
V1D2(i) =V3D(i,kts+1,j)
QV1D(i)=QV3D(i,kts,j)
QC1D(i)=QC3D(i,kts,j)
P1D(i) =P3D(i,kts,j)
T1D(i) =T3D(i,kts,j)
RHO1D(i)=RHO3D(i,kts,j)
if (spp_pbl==1) then
rstoch1D(i)=pattern_spp_pbl(i,kts,j)
else
rstoch1D(i)=0.0
endif
ENDDO
IF (itimestep==1) THEN
DO i=its,ite
vt1(i)=0.
vq1(i)=0.
UST(i,j)=MAX(0.025*SQRT(U1D(i)*U1D(i) + V1D(i)*V1D(i)),0.001)
MOL(i,j)=0. ! Tstar
QSFC(i,j)=QV3D(i,kts,j)/(1.+QV3D(i,kts,j))
qstar(i,j)=0.0
ENDDO
ELSE
DO i=its,ite
DO k = kts,kts+1
ql = qc3d(i,k,j)/(1.+qc3d(i,k,j))
qw(k) = qv3d(i,k,j)/(1.+qv3d(i,k,j)) + ql
thl(k) = th3d(i,k,j)-xlvcp*ql/pi3d(i,k,j)
dummy1(k)=dz8w(i,k,j)
dummy2(k)=thl(k)
dummy3(k)=qw(k)
dummy4(k)=p3d(i,k,j)
dummy5(k)=pi3d(i,k,j)
dummy6(k)=tsq(i,k,j)
dummy7(k)=qsq(i,k,j)
dummy8(k)=cov(i,k,j)
dummy9(k)=Sh3d(i,k,j)
dummy10(k)=el_pbl(i,k,j)
dummy14(k)=th3d(i,k,j)
if(icloud_bl > 0) then
dummy11(k)=qc_bl(i,k,j)
dummy12(k)=cldfra_bl(i,k,j)
else
dummy11(k)=0.0
dummy12(k)=0.0
endif
dummy13(k)=0.0 !sgm
ENDDO
! NOTE: The last grid number is kts+1 instead of kte.
CALL mym_condensation (kts,kts+1, dx, &
& dummy1,dummy2,dummy3, &
& dummy4,dummy5,dummy6, &
& dummy7,dummy8,dummy9, &
& dummy10,bl_mynn_cloudpdf,&
& dummy11,dummy12, &
& PBLH(i,j),HFX(i,j), &
& vt(kts:kts+1), vq(kts:kts+1), &
& dummy14,dummy13)
! ! NOTE: The last grid number is kts+1 instead of kte.
! CALL mym_condensation (kts,kts+1, dx, &
! & dz8w(i,kts:kts+1,j), &
! & thl(kts:kts+1), &
! & qw(kts:kts+1), &
! & p3d(i,kts:kts+1,j), &
! & pi3d(i,kts:kts+1,j), &
! & tsq(i,kts:kts+1,j), &
! & qsq(i,kts:kts+1,j), &
! & cov(i,kts:kts+1,j), &
! & Sh3d(i,kts:kts+1,j), & !JOE - cloud PDF testing
! & el_pbl(i,kts:kts+1,j), & !JOE - cloud PDF testing
! & bl_mynn_cloudpdf, & !JOE - cloud PDF testing
! & qc_bl2D(i,kts:kts+1), & !JOE-subgrid BL clouds
! & cldfra_bl2D(i,kts:kts+1),& !JOE-subgrid BL clouds
! & PBLH(i,j),HFX(i,j), & !JOE-subgrid BL clouds
! & vt(kts:kts+1), vq(kts:kts+1), &
! & th,sgm)
vt1(i) = vt(kts)
vq1(i) = vq(kts)
ENDDO
ENDIF
CALL SFCLAY1D_mynn( &
J,U1D,V1D,T1D,QV1D,P1D,dz8w1d,rho1d, &
U1D2,V1D2,dz2w1d, &
CP,G,ROVCP,R,XLV,PSFCPA(ims,j),CHS(ims,j),CHS2(ims,j),&
CQS2(ims,j),CPM(ims,j),PBLH(ims,j), RMOL(ims,j), &
ZNT(ims,j),UST(ims,j),MAVAIL(ims,j),ZOL(ims,j), &
MOL(ims,j),REGIME(ims,j),PSIM(ims,j),PSIH(ims,j), &
XLAND(ims,j),HFX(ims,j),QFX(ims,j),TSK(ims,j), &
U10(ims,j),V10(ims,j),TH2(ims,j),T2(ims,j), &
Q2(ims,j),FLHC(ims,j),FLQC(ims,j),SNOWH(ims,j), &
QGH(ims,j),QSFC(ims,j),LH(ims,j), &
GZ1OZ0(ims,j),WSPD(ims,j),BR(ims,j),ISFFLX,DX, &
SVP1,SVP2,SVP3,SVPT0,EP1,EP2,KARMAN, &
ch(ims,j),vt1,vq1,qc1d,qcg(ims,j), &
itimestep, &
!JOE-begin additional output
z0zt_ratio(ims,j),wstar(ims,j), &
qstar(ims,j),resist(ims,j),logres(ims,j), &
!JOE-end
spp_pbl,rstoch1D, &
ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, &
ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, &
its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte &
,isftcflx,iz0tlnd, &
USTM(ims,j),CK(ims,j),CKA(ims,j), &
CD(ims,j),CDA(ims,j) &
)
ENDDO
END SUBROUTINE SFCLAY_MYNN
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE SFCLAY1D_mynn( & 1,31
J,U1D,V1D,T1D,QV1D,P1D,dz8w1d,rho1d, &
U1D2,V1D2,dz2w1d, &
CP,G,ROVCP,R,XLV,PSFCPA,CHS,CHS2,CQS2,CPM, &
PBLH,RMOL,ZNT,UST,MAVAIL,ZOL,MOL,REGIME, &
PSIM,PSIH,XLAND,HFX,QFX,TSK, &
U10,V10,TH2,T2,Q2,FLHC,FLQC,SNOWH,QGH, &
QSFC,LH,GZ1OZ0,WSPD,BR,ISFFLX,DX, &
SVP1,SVP2,SVP3,SVPT0,EP1,EP2, &
KARMAN,ch,vt1,vq1,qc1d,qcg, &
itimestep, &
!JOE-additional output
zratio,wstar,qstar,resist,logres, &
!JOE-end
spp_pbl,rstoch1D, &
ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, &
ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, &
its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte &
,isftcflx, iz0tlnd, &
ustm,ck,cka,cd,cda &
)
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPLICIT NONE
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
! SCALARS
!-----------------------------
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde, &
ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, &
its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte, &
J, itimestep
REAL, PARAMETER :: XKA=2.4E-5 !molecular diffusivity
REAL, PARAMETER :: PRT=1. !prandlt number
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: SVP1,SVP2,SVP3,SVPT0,EP1,EP2
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: KARMAN,CP,G,ROVCP,R,XLV,DX
!-----------------------------
! NAMELIST OPTIONS
!-----------------------------
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: ISFFLX
INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(IN ) :: ISFTCFLX, IZ0TLND
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: spp_pbl
!-----------------------------
! 1D ARRAYS
!-----------------------------
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ), INTENT(IN) :: MAVAIL, &
PBLH, &
XLAND, &
TSK, &
PSFCPA, &
QCG, &
SNOWH
REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ), INTENT(IN) :: U1D,V1D, &
U1D2,V1D2, &
QV1D,P1D, &
T1D,QC1d, &
dz8w1d,dz2w1d, &
RHO1D, &
vt1,vq1
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ), INTENT(INOUT) :: REGIME, &
HFX,QFX,LH, &
MOL,RMOL, &
QGH,QSFC, &
ZNT, &
ZOL, &
UST, &
CPM, &
CHS2,CQS2, &
CHS,CH, &
FLHC,FLQC, &
GZ1OZ0, &
WSPD, &
BR, &
PSIM,PSIH
REAL, DIMENSION( its:ite ), INTENT(IN) :: rstoch1D
! DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ), INTENT(OUT) :: U10,V10, &
TH2,T2,Q2
REAL, OPTIONAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ) , &
INTENT(OUT) :: ck,cka,cd,cda,ustm
!--------------------------------------------
!JOE-additinal output
REAL, DIMENSION( ims:ime ) :: zratio,wstar,qstar, &
resist,logres
!JOE-end
!----------------------------------------------------------------
! LOCAL VARS
!----------------------------------------------------------------
REAL :: thl1,sqv1,sqc1,exner1,sqvg,sqcg,vv,ww
REAL, DIMENSION(its:ite) :: &
ZA, & !Height of lowest 1/2 sigma level(m)
ZA2, & !Height of 2nd lowest 1/2 sigma level(m)
THV1D, & !Theta-v at lowest 1/2 sigma (K)
TH1D, & !Theta at lowest 1/2 sigma (K)
TC1D, & !T at lowest 1/2 sigma (Celsius)
TV1D, & !Tv at lowest 1/2 sigma (K)
QVSH, & !qv at lowest 1/2 sigma (spec humidity)
PSIH2,PSIM2, & !M-O stability functions at z=2 m
PSIH10,PSIM10, & !M-O stability functions at z=10 m
WSPDI, &
z_t,z_q, & !thermal & moisture roughness lengths
ZNTstoch, &
GOVRTH, & !g/theta
THGB, & !theta at ground
THVGB, & !theta-v at ground
PSFC, & !press at surface (Pa/1000)
QSFCMR, & !qv at surface (mixing ratio, kg/kg)
GZ2OZ0, & !LOG((2.0+ZNT(I))/ZNT(I))
GZ10OZ0, & !LOG((10.+ZNT(I))/ZNT(I))
GZ2OZt, & !LOG((2.0+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
GZ10OZt, & !LOG((10.+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
GZ1OZt !LOG((ZA(I)+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
INTEGER :: N,I,K,L,NZOL,NK,NZOL2,NZOL10, ITER, yesno
INTEGER, PARAMETER :: ITMAX=1
REAL :: PL,THCON,TVCON,E1
REAL :: DTHVDZ,DTHVM,VCONV,RZOL,RZOL2,RZOL10,ZOL2,ZOL10
REAL :: DTG,PSIX,DTTHX,DTHDZ,PSIX10,PSIT,PSIT2,PSIT10, &
PSIQ,PSIQ2,PSIQ10
REAL :: FLUXC,VSGD
REAL :: restar,VISC,DQG,OLDUST,OLDTST
REAL, PARAMETER :: psilim = -10. ! ONLY AFFECTS z/L > 2.0
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
DO I=its,ite
! CONVERT GROUND & LOWEST LAYER TEMPERATURE TO POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE:
! PSFC cmb
PSFC(I)=PSFCPA(I)/1000.
THGB(I)=TSK(I)*(100./PSFC(I))**ROVCP !(K)
! PL cmb
PL=P1D(I)/1000.
THCON=(100./PL)**ROVCP
TH1D(I)=T1D(I)*THCON !(Theta, K)
TC1D(I)=T1D(I)-273.15 !(T, Celsius)
! CONVERT TO VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE
QVSH(I)=QV1D(I)/(1.+QV1D(I)) !CONVERT TO SPEC HUM (kg/kg)
TVCON=(1.+EP1*QVSH(I))
THV1D(I)=TH1D(I)*TVCON !(K)
TV1D(I)=T1D(I)*TVCON !(K)
!RHO1D(I)=PSFCPA(I)/(R*TV1D(I)) !now using value calculated in sfc driver
ZA(I)=0.5*dz8w1d(I) !height of first half-sigma level
ZA2(I)=dz8w1d(I) + 0.5*dz2w1d(I) !height of 2nd half-sigma level
GOVRTH(I)=G/TH1D(I)
ENDDO
DO I=its,ite
IF (TSK(I) .LT. 273.15) THEN
!SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE WRT ICE (SVP1=.6112; 10*mb)
E1=SVP1*EXP(4648*(1./273.15 - 1./TSK(I)) - &
& 11.64*LOG(273.15/TSK(I)) + 0.02265*(273.15 - TSK(I)))
ELSE
!SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE WRT WATER (Bolton 1980)
E1=SVP1*EXP(SVP2*(TSK(I)-SVPT0)/(TSK(I)-SVP3))
ENDIF
!FOR LAND POINTS, QSFC can come from LSM, ONLY RECOMPUTE OVER WATER
IF (xland(i).gt.1.5 .or. QSFC(i).le.0.0) THEN !WATER
QSFC(I)=EP2*E1/(PSFC(I)-ep_3*E1) !specific humidity
QSFCMR(I)=EP2*E1/(PSFC(I)-E1) !mixing ratio
ELSE !LAND
QSFCMR(I)=QSFC(I)/(1.-QSFC(I))
ENDIF
! QGH CHANGED TO USE LOWEST-LEVEL AIR TEMP CONSISTENT WITH MYJSFC CHANGE
! Q2SAT = QGH IN LSM
IF (TSK(I) .LT. 273.15) THEN
!SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE WRT ICE
E1=SVP1*EXP(4648*(1./273.15 - 1./T1D(I)) - &
& 11.64*LOG(273.15/T1D(I)) + 0.02265*(273.15 - T1D(I)))
ELSE
!SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE WRT WATER (Bolton 1980)
E1=SVP1*EXP(SVP2*(T1D(I)-SVPT0)/(T1D(I)-SVP3))
ENDIF
PL=P1D(I)/1000.
!QGH(I)=EP2*E1/(PL-ep_3*E1) !specific humidity
QGH(I)=EP2*E1/(PL-E1) !mixing ratio
CPM(I)=CP*(1.+0.84*QV1D(I))
ENDDO
DO I=its,ite
WSPD(I)=SQRT(U1D(I)*U1D(I)+V1D(I)*V1D(I))
!account for partial condensation
exner1=(p1d(I)/p1000mb)**ROVCP
sqc1=qc1d(I)/(1.+qc1d(I)) !lowest mod level cloud water spec hum
sqv1=QVSH(I) !lowest mod level water vapor spec hum
thl1=TH1D(I)-xlvcp/exner1*sqc1
sqvg=qsfc(I) !sfc water vapor spec hum
sqcg=qcg(I)/(1.+qcg(I)) !sfc cloud water spec hum
vv = thl1-THGB(I)
!TGS:ww = mavail(I)*(sqv1-sqvg) + (sqc1-sqcg)
ww = (sqv1-sqvg) + (sqc1-sqcg)
!TGS:THVGB(I)=THGB(I)*(1.+EP1*QSFC(I)*MAVAIL(I))
THVGB(I)=THGB(I)*(1.+EP1*QSFC(I))
DTHDZ=(TH1D(I)-THGB(I))
DTHVDZ=(THV1D(I)-THVGB(I))
!DTHVDZ= (vt1(i) + 1.0)*vv + (vq1(i) + tv0)*ww
!--------------------------------------------------------
! Calculate the convective velocity scale (WSTAR) and
! subgrid-scale velocity (VSGD) following Beljaars (1995, QJRMS)
! and Mahrt and Sun (1995, MWR), respectively
!-------------------------------------------------------
! VCONV = 0.25*sqrt(g/THVGB(I)*pblh(i)*dthvm)
! Use Beljaars over land, old MM5 (Wyngaard) formula over water
IF (xland(i).lt.1.5) then !LAND (xland == 1)
fluxc = max(hfx(i)/RHO1D(i)/cp &
& + ep1*THVGB(I)*qfx(i)/RHO1D(i),0.)
WSTAR(I) = vconvc*(g/TSK(i)*pblh(i)*fluxc)**.33
ELSE !WATER (xland == 2)
!JOE-the Wyngaard formula is ~3 times larger than the Beljaars
!formula, so switch to Beljaars for water, but use VCONVC = 1.25,
!as in the COARE 3.0/3.5 bulk parameterizations.
!IF(-DTHVDZ.GE.0)THEN
! DTHVM=-DTHVDZ
!ELSE
! DTHVM=0.
!ENDIF
!WSTAR(I) = 2.*SQRT(DTHVM)
fluxc = max(hfx(i)/RHO1D(i)/cp &
& + ep1*THVGB(I)*qfx(i)/RHO1D(i),0.)
WSTAR(I) = 1.25*(g/TSK(i)*pblh(i)*fluxc)**.33
ENDIF
!--------------------------------------------------------
! Mahrt and Sun low-res correction
! (for 13 km ~ 0.37 m/s; for 3 km == 0 m/s)
!--------------------------------------------------------
VSGD = 0.32 * (max(dx/5000.-1.,0.))**.33
WSPD(I)=SQRT(WSPD(I)*WSPD(I)+WSTAR(I)*WSTAR(I)+vsgd*vsgd)
WSPD(I)=MAX(WSPD(I),wmin)
!--------------------------------------------------------
! CALCULATE THE BULK RICHARDSON NUMBER OF SURFACE LAYER,
! ACCORDING TO AKB(1976), EQ(12).
!--------------------------------------------------------
BR(I)=GOVRTH(I)*ZA(I)*DTHVDZ/(WSPD(I)*WSPD(I))
!SET LIMITS ACCORDING TO Li et al. (2010) Boundary-Layer Meteorol (p.158)
BR(I)=MAX(BR(I),-20.0)
BR(I)=MIN(BR(I),2.0)
! IF PREVIOUSLY UNSTABLE, DO NOT LET INTO REGIMES 1 AND 2 (STABLE)
!if (itimestep .GT. 1) THEN
! IF(MOL(I).LT.0.)BR(I)=MIN(BR(I),0.0)
!ENDIF
!IF(I .eq. 2)THEN
! write(*,1006)"BR:",BR(I)," fluxc:",fluxc," vt1:",vt1(i)," vq1:",vq1(i)
! write(*,1007)"XLAND:",XLAND(I)," WSPD:",WSPD(I)," DTHVDZ:",DTHVDZ," WSTAR:",WSTAR(I)
!ENDIF
ENDDO
1006 format(A,F7.3,A,f9.4,A,f9.5,A,f9.4)
1007 format(A,F2.0,A,f6.2,A,f7.3,A,f7.2)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
!--- BEGIN ITERATION LOOP (ITMAX=5); USUALLY CONVERGES IN TWO PASSES
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
DO I=its,ite
ITER = 1
DO WHILE (ITER .LE. ITMAX)
!COMPUTE KINEMATIC VISCOSITY (m2/s) Andreas (1989) CRREL Rep. 89-11
!valid between -173 and 277 degrees C.
VISC=1.326e-5*(1. + 6.542e-3*TC1D(I) + 8.301e-6*TC1D(I)*TC1D(I) &
- 4.84e-9*TC1D(I)*TC1D(I)*TC1D(I))
IF((XLAND(I)-1.5).GE.0)THEN
!--------------------------------------
! WATER
!--------------------------------------
! CALCULATE z0 (znt)
!--------------------------------------
IF ( PRESENT(ISFTCFLX) ) THEN
IF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 0 ) THEN
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
!COARE 3.0 (MISLEADING SUBROUTINE NAME)
CALL charnock_1955(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i),visc,ZA(I))
ELSE
!COARE 3.5
CALL edson_etal_2013(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i),visc,ZA(I))
ENDIF
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 1 .OR. ISFTCFLX .EQ. 2 ) THEN
CALL davis_etal_2008(ZNT(i),UST(i))
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 3 ) THEN
CALL Taylor_Yelland_2001(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i))
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 4 ) THEN
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
!COARE 3.0 (MISLEADING SUBROUTINE NAME)
CALL charnock_1955(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i),visc,ZA(I))
ELSE
!COARE 3.5
CALL edson_etal_2013(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i),visc,ZA(I))
ENDIF
ENDIF
ELSE
!DEFAULT TO COARE 3.0/3.5
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
!COARE 3.0
CALL charnock_1955(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i),visc,ZA(I))
ELSE
!COARE 3.5
CALL edson_etal_2013(ZNT(i),UST(i),WSPD(i),visc,ZA(I))
ENDIF
ENDIF
! add stochastic perturbaction of ZNT
if (spp_pbl==1) then
ZNTstoch(I) = MAX(ZNT(I) + 1.5 * ZNT(I) * rstoch1D(i), 1e-6)
else
ZNTstoch(I) = ZNT(I)
endif
!COMPUTE ROUGHNESS REYNOLDS NUMBER (restar) USING NEW ZNT
! AHW: Garrattt formula: Calculate roughness Reynolds number
! Kinematic viscosity of air (linear approx to
! temp dependence at sea level)
restar=MAX(ust(i)*ZNTstoch(i)/visc, 0.1)
!--------------------------------------
!CALCULATE z_t and z_q
!--------------------------------------
IF ( PRESENT(ISFTCFLX) ) THEN
IF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 0 ) THEN
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
CALL fairall_etal_2003(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc)
ELSE
!presumably, this will be published soon, but hasn't yet
CALL fairall_etal_2014(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc,rstoch1D(i),spp_pbl)
ENDIF
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 1 ) THEN
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
CALL fairall_etal_2003(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc)
ELSE
CALL fairall_etal_2014(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc,rstoch1D(i),spp_pbl)
ENDIF
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 2 ) THEN
CALL garratt_1992(z_t(i),z_q(i),ZNTstoch(i),restar,XLAND(I))
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 3 ) THEN
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
CALL fairall_etal_2003(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc)
ELSE
CALL fairall_etal_2014(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc,rstoch1D(i),spp_pbl)
ENDIF
ELSEIF ( ISFTCFLX .EQ. 4 ) THEN
CALL zilitinkevich_1995(ZNTstoch(i),z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,&
UST(I),KARMAN,XLAND(I),IZ0TLND,spp_pbl,rstoch1D(i))
ENDIF
ELSE
!DEFAULT TO COARE 3.0/3.5
IF (COARE_OPT .EQ. 3.0) THEN
CALL fairall_etal_2003(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc)
ELSE
CALL fairall_etal_2014(z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,UST(i),visc,rstoch1D(i),spp_pbl)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ELSE
! add stochastic perturbaction of ZNT
if (spp_pbl==1) then
ZNTstoch(I) = MAX(ZNT(I) + 1.5 * ZNT(I) * rstoch1D(i), 1e-6)
else
ZNTstoch(I) = ZNT(I)
endif
!--------------------------------------
! LAND
!--------------------------------------
!COMPUTE ROUGHNESS REYNOLDS NUMBER (restar) USING DEFAULT ZNT
restar=MAX(ust(i)*ZNTstoch(i)/visc, 0.1)
!--------------------------------------
!GET z_t and z_q
!--------------------------------------
!CHECK FOR SNOW/ICE POINTS OVER LAND
!IF ( ZNTSTOCH(i) .LE. SNOWZ0 .AND. TSK(I) .LE. 273.15 ) THEN
IF ( SNOWH(i) .GE. 0.1) THEN
CALL Andreas_2002(ZNTSTOCH(i),visc,ust(i),z_t(i),z_q(i))
ELSE
IF ( PRESENT(IZ0TLND) ) THEN
IF ( IZ0TLND .LE. 1 .OR. IZ0TLND .EQ. 4) THEN
!IF IZ0TLND==4, THEN PSIQ WILL BE RECALCULATED USING
!PAN ET AL (1994), but PSIT FROM ZILI WILL BE USED.
CALL zilitinkevich_1995(ZNTSTOCH(i),z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,&
UST(I),KARMAN,XLAND(I),IZ0TLND,spp_pbl,rstoch1D(i))
ELSEIF ( IZ0TLND .EQ. 2 ) THEN
CALL Yang_2008(ZNTSTOCH(i),z_t(i),z_q(i),UST(i),MOL(I),&
qstar(I),restar,visc,XLAND(I))
ELSEIF ( IZ0TLND .EQ. 3 ) THEN
!Original MYNN in WRF-ARW used this form:
CALL garratt_1992(z_t(i),z_q(i),ZNTSTOCH(i),restar,XLAND(I))
ENDIF
ELSE
!DEFAULT TO ZILITINKEVICH
CALL zilitinkevich_1995(ZNTSTOCH(i),z_t(i),z_q(i),restar,&
UST(I),KARMAN,XLAND(I),0,spp_pbl,rstoch1D(i))
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
zratio(i)=zntstoch(i)/z_t(i)
!ADD RESISTANCE (SOMEWHAT FOLLOWING JIMENEZ ET AL. (2012)) TO PROTECT AGAINST
!EXCESSIVE FLUXES WHEN USING A LOW FIRST MODEL LEVEL (ZA < 10 m).
!Formerly: GZ1OZ0(I)= LOG(ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I))
GZ1OZ0(I)= LOG((ZA(I)+ZNTstoch(I))/ZNTstoch(I))
GZ1OZt(I)= LOG((ZA(I)+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
GZ2OZ0(I)= LOG((2.0+ZNTstoch(I))/ZNTstoch(I))
GZ2OZt(I)= LOG((2.0+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
GZ10OZ0(I)=LOG((10.+ZNTstoch(I))/ZNTstoch(I))
GZ10OZt(I)=LOG((10.+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
!--- DIAGNOSE BASIC PARAMETERS FOR THE APPROPRIATE STABILITY CLASS:
!
! THE STABILITY CLASSES ARE DETERMINED BY BR (BULK RICHARDSON NO.).
!
! CRITERIA FOR THE CLASSES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
!
! 1. BR .GE. 0.2;
! REPRESENTS NIGHTTIME STABLE CONDITIONS (REGIME=1),
!
! 2. BR .LT. 0.2 .AND. BR .GT. 0.0;
! REPRESENTS DAMPED MECHANICAL TURBULENT CONDITIONS
! (REGIME=2),
!
! 3. BR .EQ. 0.0
! REPRESENTS FORCED CONVECTION CONDITIONS (REGIME=3),
!
! 4. BR .LT. 0.0
! REPRESENTS FREE CONVECTION CONDITIONS (REGIME=4).
!
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
IF (BR(I) .GT. 0.0) THEN
IF (BR(I) .GT. 0.2) THEN
!---CLASS 1; STABLE (NIGHTTIME) CONDITIONS:
REGIME(I)=1.
ELSE
!---CLASS 2; DAMPED MECHANICAL TURBULENCE:
REGIME(I)=2.
ENDIF
!COMPUTE z/L
!CALL Li_etal_2010(ZOL(I),BR(I),ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I),zratio(I))
! IF (ITER .EQ. 1 .AND. itimestep .LE. 1) THEN
CALL Li_etal_2010(ZOL(I),BR(I),ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I),zratio(I))
! ELSE
! ZOL(I)=ZA(I)*KARMAN*G*MOL(I)/(TH1D(I)*MAX(UST(I),0.001)**2)
! ZOL(I)=MAX(ZOL(I),0.0)
! ZOL(I)=MIN(ZOL(I),2.)
! ENDIF
!COMPUTE PSIM and PSIH
IF((XLAND(I)-1.5).GE.0)THEN
! WATER
!CALL PSI_Suselj_Sood_2010(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
!CALL PSI_Beljaars_Holtslag_1991(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
!CALL PSI_Businger_1971(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
CALL PSI_DyerHicks(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I),z_t(I),ZNTstoch(I),ZA(I))
ELSE
! LAND
!CALL PSI_Beljaars_Holtslag_1991(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
!CALL PSI_Businger_1971(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
!CALL PSI_Zilitinkevich_Esau_2007(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
CALL PSI_DyerHicks(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I),z_t(I),ZNTstoch(I),ZA(I))
ENDIF
! LOWER LIMIT ON PSI IN STABLE CONDITIONS
PSIM(I)=MAX(PSIM(I),psilim)
PSIH(I)=MAX(PSIH(I),psilim)
PSIM10(I)=MAX(10./ZA(I)*PSIM(I), psilim)
PSIH10(I)=MAX(10./ZA(I)*PSIH(I), psilim)
PSIM2(I)=MAX(2./ZA(I)*PSIM(I), psilim)
PSIH2(I)=MAX(2./ZA(I)*PSIH(I), psilim)
! 1.0 over Monin-Obukhov length
RMOL(I)= ZOL(I)/ZA(I)
ELSEIF(BR(I) .EQ. 0.) THEN
!=========================================================
!-----CLASS 3; FORCED CONVECTION/NEUTRAL:
!=========================================================
REGIME(I)=3.
PSIM(I)=0.0
PSIH(I)=PSIM(I)
PSIM10(I)=0.
PSIH10(I)=PSIM10(I)
PSIM2(I)=0.
PSIH2(I)=PSIM2(I)
!ZOL(I)=0.
IF(UST(I) .LT. 0.01)THEN
ZOL(I)=BR(I)*GZ1OZ0(I)
ELSE
ZOL(I)=KARMAN*GOVRTH(I)*ZA(I)*MOL(I)/(UST(I)*UST(I))
ENDIF
RMOL(I) = ZOL(I)/ZA(I)
ELSEIF(BR(I) .LT. 0.)THEN
!==========================================================
!-----CLASS 4; FREE CONVECTION:
!==========================================================
REGIME(I)=4.
!COMPUTE z/L
!CALL Li_etal_2010(ZOL(I),BR(I),ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I),zratio(I))
IF (ITER .EQ. 1 .AND. itimestep .LE. 1) THEN
CALL Li_etal_2010(ZOL(I),BR(I),ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I),zratio(I))
ELSE
ZOL(I)=ZA(I)*KARMAN*G*MOL(I)/(TH1D(I)*MAX(UST(I),0.001)**2)
ZOL(I)=MAX(ZOL(I),-9.999)
ZOL(I)=MIN(ZOL(I),0.0)
ENDIF
ZOL10=10./ZA(I)*ZOL(I)
ZOL2=2./ZA(I)*ZOL(I)
ZOL(I)=MIN(ZOL(I),0.)
ZOL(I)=MAX(ZOL(I),-9.9999)
ZOL10=MIN(ZOL10,0.)
ZOL10=MAX(ZOL10,-9.9999)
ZOL2=MIN(ZOL2,0.)
ZOL2=MAX(ZOL2,-9.9999)
NZOL=INT(-ZOL(I)*100.)
RZOL=-ZOL(I)*100.-NZOL
NZOL10=INT(-ZOL10*100.)
RZOL10=-ZOL10*100.-NZOL10
NZOL2=INT(-ZOL2*100.)
RZOL2=-ZOL2*100.-NZOL2
!COMPUTE PSIM and PSIH
IF((XLAND(I)-1.5).GE.0)THEN
! WATER
!CALL PSI_Suselj_Sood_2010(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
!CALL PSI_Hogstrom_1996(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I), z_t(I), ZNTstoch(I), ZA(I))
!CALL PSI_Businger_1971(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
CALL PSI_DyerHicks(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I),z_t(I),ZNTstoch(I),ZA(I))
ELSE
! LAND
!CALL PSI_Hogstrom_1996(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I), z_t(I), ZNTstoch(I), ZA(I))
!CALL PSI_Businger_1971(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I))
CALL PSI_DyerHicks(PSIM(I),PSIH(I),ZOL(I),z_t(I),ZNTstoch(I),ZA(I))
ENDIF
!!!!!JOE-test:avoid using psi tables in entirety
! PSIM10(I)=PSIMTB(NZOL10)+RZOL10*(PSIMTB(NZOL10+1)-PSIMTB(NZOL10))
! PSIH10(I)=PSIHTB(NZOL10)+RZOL10*(PSIHTB(NZOL10+1)-PSIHTB(NZOL10))
! PSIM2(I)=PSIMTB(NZOL2)+RZOL2*(PSIMTB(NZOL2+1)-PSIMTB(NZOL2))
! PSIH2(I)=PSIHTB(NZOL2)+RZOL2*(PSIHTB(NZOL2+1)-PSIHTB(NZOL2))
PSIM10(I)=10./ZA(I)*PSIM(I)
PSIH10(I)=10./ZA(I)*PSIH(I)
PSIM2(I)=2./ZA(I)*PSIM(I)
PSIH2(I)=2./ZA(I)*PSIH(I)
!---LIMIT PSIH AND PSIM IN THE CASE OF THIN LAYERS AND
!---HIGH ROUGHNESS. THIS PREVENTS DENOMINATOR IN FLUXES
!---FROM GETTING TOO SMALL
!PSIH(I)=MIN(PSIH(I),0.9*GZ1OZt(I)) !JOE: less restricitive over forest/urban.
PSIH(I)=MIN(PSIH(I),0.9*GZ1OZ0(I))
PSIM(I)=MIN(PSIM(I),0.9*GZ1OZ0(I))
!PSIH2(I)=MIN(PSIH2(I),0.9*GZ2OZt(I)) !JOE: less restricitive over forest/urban.
PSIH2(I)=MIN(PSIH2(I),0.9*GZ2OZ0(I))
PSIM2(I)=MIN(PSIM2(I),0.9*GZ2OZ0(I))
PSIM10(I)=MIN(PSIM10(I),0.9*GZ10OZ0(I))
PSIH10(I)=MIN(PSIH10(I),0.9*GZ10OZ0(I))
RMOL(I) = ZOL(I)/ZA(I)
ENDIF
!------------------------------------------------------------
!-----COMPUTE THE FRICTIONAL VELOCITY:
!------------------------------------------------------------
! ZA(1982) EQS(2.60),(2.61).
GZ1OZ0(I) =LOG((ZA(I)+ZNTstoch(I))/ZNTstoch(I))
GZ10OZ0(I)=LOG((10.+ZNTstoch(I))/ZNTstoch(I))
PSIX=GZ1OZ0(I)-PSIM(I)
PSIX10=GZ10OZ0(I)-PSIM10(I)
! TO PREVENT OSCILLATIONS AVERAGE WITH OLD VALUE
OLDUST = UST(I)
UST(I)=0.5*UST(I)+0.5*KARMAN*WSPD(I)/PSIX
!NON-AVERAGED: UST(I)=KARMAN*WSPD(I)/PSIX
! Compute u* without vconv for use in HFX calc when isftcflx > 0
WSPDI(I)=MAX(SQRT(U1D(I)*U1D(I)+V1D(I)*V1D(I)), wmin)
IF ( PRESENT(USTM) ) THEN
USTM(I)=0.5*USTM(I)+0.5*KARMAN*WSPDI(I)/PSIX
ENDIF
IF ((XLAND(I)-1.5).LT.0.) THEN !LAND
UST(I)=MAX(UST(I),0.01) !JOE:Relaxing this limit
!Keep ustm = ust over land.
IF ( PRESENT(USTM) ) USTM(I)=UST(I)
ENDIF
!------------------------------------------------------------
!-----COMPUTE THE THERMAL AND MOISTURE RESISTANCE (PSIQ AND PSIT):
!------------------------------------------------------------
! LOWER LIMIT ADDED TO PREVENT LARGE FLHC IN SOIL MODEL
! ACTIVATES IN UNSTABLE CONDITIONS WITH THIN LAYERS OR HIGH Z0
GZ1OZt(I)= LOG((ZA(I)+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
GZ2OZt(I)= LOG((2.0+z_t(i))/z_t(i))
!PSIT=MAX(GZ1OZ0(I)-PSIH(I),2.)
PSIT=MAX(LOG((ZA(I)+z_t(i))/z_t(i))-PSIH(I) ,2.0)
PSIT2=MAX(LOG((2.0+z_t(i))/z_t(i))-PSIH2(I) ,2.0)
resist(I)=PSIT
logres(I)=GZ1OZt(I)
PSIQ=MAX(LOG((za(i)+z_q(i))/z_q(I))-PSIH(I) ,2.0)
PSIQ2=MAX(LOG((2.0+z_q(i))/z_q(I))-PSIH2(I) ,2.0)
IF((XLAND(I)-1.5).LT.0)THEN !Land only
IF ( IZ0TLND .EQ. 4 ) THEN
CALL Pan_etal_1994(PSIQ,PSIQ2,UST(I),PSIH(I),PSIH2(I),&
& KARMAN,ZA(I))
ENDIF
ENDIF
!----------------------------------------------------
!COMPUTE THE TEMPERATURE SCALE (or FRICTION TEMPERATURE, T*)
!----------------------------------------------------
DTG=TH1D(I)-THGB(I)
OLDTST=MOL(I)
MOL(I)=KARMAN*DTG/PSIT/PRT
!t_star(I) = -HFX(I)/(UST(I)*CPM(I)*RHO1D(I))
!t_star(I) = MOL(I)
!----------------------------------------------------
!COMPUTE THE MOISTURE SCALE (or q*)
DQG=(QVSH(i)-qsfc(i))*1000. !(kg/kg -> g/kg)
qstar(I)=KARMAN*DQG/PSIQ/PRT
!-----------------------------------------------------
!COMPUTE DIAGNOSTICS
!-----------------------------------------------------
!COMPUTE 10 M WNDS
!-----------------------------------------------------
! If the lowest model level is close to 10-m, use it
! instead of the flux-based diagnostic formula.
if (ZA(i) .le. 7.0) then
! high vertical resolution
if(ZA2(i) .gt. 7.0 .and. ZA2(i) .lt. 13.0) then
!use 2nd model level
U10(I)=U1D2(I)
V10(I)=V1D2(I)
else
U10(I)=U1D(I)*log(10./ZNTstoch(I))/log(ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I))
V10(I)=V1D(I)*log(10./ZNTstoch(I))/log(ZA(I)/ZNTstoch(I))
endif
elseif(ZA(i) .gt. 7.0 .and. ZA(i) .lt. 13.0) then
!moderate vertical resolution
U10(I)=U1D(I)
V10(I)=V1D(I)
else
! very coarse vertical resolution
U10(I)=U1D(I)*PSIX10/PSIX
V10(I)=V1D(I)*PSIX10/PSIX
endif
!-----------------------------------------------------
!COMPUTE 2m T, TH, AND Q
!THESE WILL BE OVERWRITTEN FOR LAND POINTS IN THE LSM
!-----------------------------------------------------
TH2(I)=THGB(I)+DTG*PSIT2/PSIT
!*** BE CERTAIN THAT THE 2-M THETA IS BRACKETED BY
!*** THE VALUES AT THE SURFACE AND LOWEST MODEL LEVEL.
IF ((TH1D(I)>THGB(I) .AND. (TH2(I)<THGB(I) .OR. TH2(I)>TH1D(I))) .OR. &
(TH1D(I)<THGB(I) .AND. (TH2(I)>THGB(I) .OR. TH2(I)<TH1D(I)))) THEN
TH2(I)=THGB(I) + 2.*(TH1D(I)-THGB(I))/ZA(I)
ENDIF
T2(I)=TH2(I)*(PSFC(I)/100.)**ROVCP
Q2(I)=QSFCMR(I)+(QV1D(I)-QSFCMR(I))*PSIQ2/PSIQ
!*** BE CERTAIN THAT THE 2-M MIXING RATIO IS BRACKETED BY
!*** THE VALUES AT THE SURFACE AND LOWEST MODEL LEVEL.
IF ((QV1D(I)>QSFCMR(I) .AND. (Q2(I)<QSFCMR(I) .OR. Q2(I)>QV1D(I))) .OR. &
(QV1D(I)<QSFCMR(I) .AND. (Q2(I)>QSFCMR(I) .OR. Q2(I)<QV1D(I)))) THEN
Q2(I)=QSFCMR(I) + 2.*(QV1D(I)-QSFCMR(I))/ZA(I)
ENDIF
!CHECK FOR CONVERGENCE
IF (ITER .GE. 2) THEN
!IF (ABS(OLDUST-UST(I)) .lt. 0.01) THEN
IF (ABS(OLDTST-MOL(I)) .lt. 0.01) THEN
ITER = ITER+ITMAX
ENDIF
!IF () THEN
! print*,"ITER:",ITER
! write(*,1001)"REGIME:",REGIME(I)," z/L:",ZOL(I)," U*:",UST(I)," Tstar:",MOL(I)
! write(*,1002)"PSIM:",PSIM(I)," PSIH:",PSIH(I)," W*:",WSTAR(I)," DTHV:",THV1D(I)-THVGB(I)
! write(*,1003)"CPM:",CPM(I)," RHO1D:",RHO1D(I)," L:",ZOL(I)/ZA(I)," DTH:",TH1D(I)-THGB(I)
! write(*,1004)"Z0/Zt:",zratio(I)," Z0:",ZNTstoch(I)," Zt:",z_t(I)," za:",za(I)
! write(*,1005)"Re:",restar," MAVAIL:",MAVAIL(I)," QSFC(I):",QSFC(I)," QVSH(I):",QVSH(I)
! print*,"VISC=",VISC," Z0:",ZNTstoch(I)," T1D(i):",T1D(i)
! write(*,*)"============================================="
!ENDIF
ENDIF
ITER = ITER + 1
ENDDO ! end ITERATION-loop
ENDDO ! end i-loop
1000 format(A,F6.1, A,f6.1, A,f5.1, A,f7.1)
1001 format(A,F2.0, A,f10.4,A,f5.3, A,f11.5)
1002 format(A,f7.2, A,f7.2, A,f7.2, A,f10.3)
1003 format(A,f7.2, A,f7.2, A,f10.3,A,f10.3)
1004 format(A,f11.3,A,f9.7, A,f9.7, A,f6.2, A,f10.3)
1005 format(A,f9.2,A,f6.4,A,f7.4,A,f7.4)
!----------------------------------------------------------
! COMPUTE SURFACE HEAT AND MOISTURE FLUXES
!----------------------------------------------------------
DO I=its,ite
IF (ISFFLX .LT. 1) THEN
QFX(i) = 0.
HFX(i) = 0.
FLHC(I) = 0.
FLQC(I) = 0.
LH(I) = 0.
CHS(I) = 0.
CH(I) = 0.
CHS2(i) = 0.
CQS2(i) = 0.
IF(PRESENT(ck) .and. PRESENT(cd) .and. &
&PRESENT(cka) .and. PRESENT(cda)) THEN
Ck(I) = 0.
Cd(I) = 0.
Cka(I)= 0.
Cda(I)= 0.
ENDIF
ELSE
PSIX=GZ1OZ0(I)-PSIM(I)
PSIX10=GZ10OZ0(I)-PSIM10(I)
PSIT=MAX(LOG((ZA(I)+z_t(i))/z_t(i))-PSIH(I) ,2.0)
PSIT2=MAX(LOG((2.0+z_t(i))/z_t(i))-PSIH2(I) ,2.0)
PSIT10=MAX(LOG((10.0+z_t(i))/z_t(i))-PSIH10(I) ,2.0)
PSIQ=MAX(LOG((za(i)+z_q(i))/z_q(I))-PSIH(I) ,2.0)
PSIQ2=MAX(LOG((2.0+z_q(i))/z_q(I))-PSIH2(I) ,2.0)
PSIQ10=MAX(LOG((10.0+z_q(i))/z_q(I))-PSIH10(I) ,2.0)
IF((XLAND(I)-1.5).LT.0)THEN !LAND Only
IF ( IZ0TLND .EQ. 4 ) THEN
CALL Pan_etal_1994(PSIQ,PSIQ2,UST(I),PSIH(I),PSIH2(I),&
& KARMAN,ZA(I))
ENDIF
ENDIF
!------------------------------------------
! CALCULATE THE EXCHANGE COEFFICIENTS FOR HEAT (FLHC)
! AND MOISTURE (FLQC)
!------------------------------------------
FLQC(I)=RHO1D(I)*MAVAIL(I)*UST(I)*KARMAN/PSIQ
FLHC(I)=RHO1D(I)*CPM(I)*UST(I)*KARMAN/PSIT
!OLD WAY:
!DTTHX=ABS(TH1D(I)-THGB(I))
!IF(DTTHX.GT.1.E-5)THEN
! FLHC(I)=CPM(I)*RHO1D(I)*UST(I)*MOL(I)/(TH1D(I)-THGB(I))
!ELSE
! FLHC(I)=0.
!ENDIF
!----------------------------------
! COMPUTE SURFACE MOISTURE FLUX:
!----------------------------------
QFX(I)=FLQC(I)*(QSFCMR(I)-QV1D(I))
!JOE: QFX(I)=MAX(QFX(I),0.) !originally did not allow neg QFX
QFX(I)=MAX(QFX(I),-0.02) !allows small neg QFX, like MYJ
LH(I)=XLV*QFX(I)
!----------------------------------
! COMPUTE SURFACE HEAT FLUX:
!----------------------------------
IF(XLAND(I)-1.5.GT.0.)THEN !WATER
HFX(I)=FLHC(I)*(THGB(I)-TH1D(I))
IF ( PRESENT(ISFTCFLX) ) THEN
IF ( ISFTCFLX.NE.0 ) THEN
! AHW: add dissipative heating term
HFX(I)=HFX(I)+RHO1D(I)*USTM(I)*USTM(I)*WSPDI(I)
ENDIF
ENDIF
ELSEIF(XLAND(I)-1.5.LT.0.)THEN !LAND
HFX(I)=FLHC(I)*(THGB(I)-TH1D(I))
HFX(I)=MAX(HFX(I),-250.)
ENDIF
!CHS(I)=UST(I)*KARMAN/(ALOG(KARMAN*UST(I)*ZA(I) &
! /XKA+ZA(I)/ZL)-PSIH(I))
CHS(I)=UST(I)*KARMAN/PSIT
! The exchange coefficient for cloud water is assumed to be the
! same as that for heat. CH is multiplied by WSPD.
!ch(i)=chs(i)
ch(i)=flhc(i)/( cpm(i)*RHO1D(i) )
!THESE ARE USED FOR 2-M DIAGNOSTICS ONLY
CQS2(I)=UST(I)*KARMAN/PSIQ2
CHS2(I)=UST(I)*KARMAN/PSIT2
IF(PRESENT(ck) .and. PRESENT(cd) .and. &
&PRESENT(cka) .and. PRESENT(cda)) THEN
Ck(I)=(karman/psix10)*(karman/psiq10)
Cd(I)=(karman/psix10)*(karman/psix10)
Cka(I)=(karman/psix)*(karman/psiq)
Cda(I)=(karman/psix)*(karman/psix)
ENDIF
ENDIF !end ISFFLX option
IF ( wrf_at_debug_level(3000) ) THEN
yesno = 0
IF (HFX(I) > 1200. .OR. HFX(I) < -500.)THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "HFX: ",HFX(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (LH(I) > 1200. .OR. LH(I) < -500.)THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "LH: ",LH(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (UST(I) < 0.0 .OR. UST(I) > 4.0 )THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "UST: ",UST(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (WSTAR(I)<0.0 .OR. WSTAR(I) > 6.0)THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "WSTAR: ",WSTAR(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (RHO1D(I)<0.0 .OR. RHO1D(I) > 1.6 )THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "rho: ",RHO1D(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (QSFC(I)*1000. <0.0 .OR. QSFC(I)*1000. >40.)THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "QSFC: ",QSFC(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (PBLH(I)<0. .OR. PBLH(I)>6000.)THEN
print*,"SUSPICIOUS VALUES IN MYNN SFCLAYER",&
ITER-ITMAX," ITERATIONS",I,J, "PBLH: ",PBLH(I)
yesno = 1
ENDIF
IF (yesno == 1) THEN
print*," OTHER INFO:"
write(*,1001)"REGIME:",REGIME(I)," z/L:",ZOL(I)," U*:",UST(I),&
" Tstar:",MOL(I)
write(*,1002)"PSIM:",PSIM(I)," PSIH:",PSIH(I)," W*:",WSTAR(I),&
" DTHV:",THV1D(I)-THVGB(I)
write(*,1003)"CPM:",CPM(I)," RHO1D:",RHO1D(I)," L:",&
ZOL(I)/ZA(I)," DTH:",TH1D(I)-THGB(I)
write(*,1004)"Z0/Zt:",zratio(I)," Z0:",ZNTstoch(I)," Zt:",z_t(I),&
" za:",za(I)
write(*,1005)"Re:",restar," MAVAIL:",MAVAIL(I)," QSFC(I):",&
QSFC(I)," QVSH(I):",QVSH(I)
print*,"PSIX=",PSIX," Z0:",ZNTstoch(I)," T1D(i):",T1D(i)
write(*,*)"============================================="
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDDO !end i-loop
END SUBROUTINE SFCLAY1D_mynn
!-------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE zilitinkevich_1995(Z_0,Zt,Zq,restar,ustar,KARMAN,& 3
& landsea,IZ0TLND2,spp_pbl,rstoch)
! This subroutine returns the thermal and moisture roughness lengths
! from Zilitinkevich (1995) and Zilitinkevich et al. (2001) over
! land and water, respectively.
!
! MODS:
! 20120705 : added IZ0TLND option. Note: This option was designed
! to work with the Noah LSM and may be specific for that
! LSM only. Tests with RUC LSM showed no improvements.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Z_0,restar,ustar,KARMAN,landsea
INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(IN):: IZ0TLND2
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Zt,Zq
REAL :: CZIL !=0.100 in Chen et al. (1997)
!=0.075 in Zilitinkevich (1995)
!=0.500 in Lemone et al. (2008)
INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: spp_pbl
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: rstoch
IF (landsea-1.5 .GT. 0) THEN !WATER
!THIS IS BASED ON Zilitinkevich, Grachev, and Fairall (2001;
!Their equations 15 and 16).
IF (restar .LT. 0.1) THEN
Zt = Z_0*EXP(KARMAN*2.0)
Zt = MIN( Zt, 6.0e-5)
Zt = MAX( Zt, 2.0e-9)
Zq = Z_0*EXP(KARMAN*3.0)
Zq = MIN( Zq, 6.0e-5)
Zq = MAX( Zq, 2.0e-9)
ELSE
Zt = Z_0*EXP(-KARMAN*(4.0*SQRT(restar)-3.2))
Zt = MIN( Zt, 6.0e-5)
Zt = MAX( Zt, 2.0e-9)
Zq = Z_0*EXP(-KARMAN*(4.0*SQRT(restar)-4.2))
Zq = MIN( Zt, 6.0e-5)
Zq = MAX( Zt, 2.0e-9)
ENDIF
ELSE !LAND
!Option to modify CZIL according to Chen & Zhang, 2009
IF ( IZ0TLND2 .EQ. 1 ) THEN
CZIL = 10.0 ** ( -0.40 * ( Z_0 / 0.07 ) )
ELSE
CZIL = 0.10
END IF
Zt = Z_0*EXP(-KARMAN*CZIL*SQRT(restar))
Zt = MIN( Zt, Z_0/2.)
Zq = Z_0*EXP(-KARMAN*CZIL*SQRT(restar))
Zq = MIN( Zq, Z_0/2.)
! perturb thermal and moisture roughness lenth by +/-50%
! uses same perturbation pattern for perturbing cloud fraction
! and turbulent mixing length (module_sf_mynn.F), but
! twice the amplitude;
! multiplication with -1.0 anticorrelates patterns
if (spp_pbl==1) then
Zt = Zt + Zt * 2.0 * rstoch
Zt = MAX(Zt, 0.001)
Zq = Zt
endif
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE zilitinkevich_1995
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE Pan_etal_1994(PSIQ,PSIQ2,ustar,psih,psih2,KARMAN,Z1) 2
! This subroutine returns the resistance (PSIQ) for moisture
! exchange. This is a modified form originating from Pan et al.
! (1994) but modified according to tests in both the RUC model
! and WRF-ARW. Note that it is very similar to Carlson and
! Boland (1978) model (include below in comments) but has an
! extra molecular layer (a third layer) instead of two layers.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Z1,ustar,KARMAN,psih,psih2
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psiq,psiq2
REAL, PARAMETER :: Cpan=1.0 !was 20.8 in Pan et al 1994
REAL, PARAMETER :: ZL=0.01
REAL, PARAMETER :: ZMUs=0.2E-3
REAL, PARAMETER :: XKA = 2.4E-5
!PAN et al. (1994): 3-layer model, as in paper:
!ZMU = Cpan*XKA/(KARMAN*UST(I))
!PSIQ =MAX(KARMAN*ustar*ZMU/XKA + LOG((KARMAN*ustar*ZL + XKA)/XKA + &
! & Z1/ZL) - PSIH,2.0)
!PSIQ2=MAX(KARMAN*ustar*ZMU/XKA + LOG((KARMAN*ustar*ZL + XKA)/XKA + &
! & 2./ZL) - PSIH2,2.0)
!MODIFIED FORM:
PSIQ =MAX(KARMAN*ustar*ZMUs/XKA + LOG((KARMAN*ustar*Z1)/XKA + &
& Z1/ZL) - PSIH,2.0)
PSIQ2=MAX(KARMAN*ustar*ZMUs/XKA + LOG((KARMAN*ustar*2.0)/XKA + &
& 2./ZL) - PSIH2,2.0)
!CARLSON AND BOLAND (1978): 2-layer model
!PSIQ =MAX(LOG(KARMAN*ustar*Z1/XKA + Z1/ZL)-PSIH ,2.0)
!PSIQ2=MAX(LOG(KARMAN*ustar*2./XKA + 2./ZL)-PSIH2 ,2.0)
END SUBROUTINE Pan_etal_1994
!--------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE davis_etal_2008(Z_0,ustar) 1
!a.k.a. : Donelan et al. (2004)
!This formulation for roughness length was designed to match
!the labratory experiments of Donelan et al. (2004).
!This is an update version from Davis et al. 2008, which
!corrects a small-bias in Z_0 (AHW real-time 2012).
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ustar
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Z_0
REAL :: ZW, ZN1, ZN2
REAL, PARAMETER :: G=9.81, OZO=1.59E-5
!OLD FORM: Z_0 = 10.*EXP(-10./(ustar**(1./3.)))
!NEW FORM:
ZW = MIN((ustar/1.06)**(0.3),1.0)
ZN1 = 0.011*ustar*ustar/G + OZO
ZN2 = 10.*exp(-9.5*ustar**(-.3333)) + &
0.11*1.5E-5/AMAX1(ustar,0.01)
Z_0 = (1.0-ZW) * ZN1 + ZW * ZN2
Z_0 = MAX( Z_0, 1.27e-7) !These max/mins were suggested by
Z_0 = MIN( Z_0, 2.85e-3) !Davis et al. (2008)
return
END SUBROUTINE davis_etal_2008
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE Taylor_Yelland_2001(Z_0,ustar,wsp10) 1
!This formulation for roughness length was designed account for
!wave steepness.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ustar,wsp10
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Z_0
REAL, parameter :: g=9.81, pi=3.14159265
REAL :: hs, Tp, Lp
!hs is the significant wave height
hs = 0.0248*(wsp10**2.)
!Tp dominant wave period
Tp = 0.729*MAX(wsp10,0.1)
!Lp is the wavelength of the dominant wave
Lp = g*Tp**2/(2*pi)
Z_0 = 1200.*hs*(hs/Lp)**4.5
Z_0 = MAX( Z_0, 1.27e-7) !These max/mins were suggested by
Z_0 = MIN( Z_0, 2.85e-3) !Davis et al. (2008)
return
END SUBROUTINE Taylor_Yelland_2001
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE charnock_1955(Z_0,ustar,wsp10,visc,zu) 3
!This version of Charnock's relation employs a varying
!Charnock parameter, similar to COARE3.0 [Fairall et al. (2003)].
!The Charnock parameter CZC is varied from .011 to .018
!between 10-m wsp = 10 and 18.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ustar, visc, wsp10, zu
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Z_0
REAL, PARAMETER :: G=9.81, CZO2=0.011
REAL :: CZC !variable charnock "constant"
REAL :: wsp10m ! logarithmically calculated 10 m
wsp10m = wsp10*log(10./1e-4)/log(zu/1e-4)
CZC = CZO2 + 0.007*MIN(MAX((wsp10m-10.)/8., 0.), 1.0)
Z_0 = CZC*ustar*ustar/G + (0.11*visc/MAX(ustar,0.05))
Z_0 = MAX( Z_0, 1.27e-7) !These max/mins were suggested by
Z_0 = MIN( Z_0, 2.85e-3) !Davis et al. (2008)
return
END SUBROUTINE charnock_1955
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE edson_etal_2013(Z_0,ustar,wsp10,visc,zu) 3
!This version of Charnock's relation employs a varying
!Charnock parameter, taken from COARE 3.5 [Edson et al. (2001, JPO)].
!The Charnock parameter CZC is varied from about .005 to .028
!between 10-m wind speeds of 6 and 19 m/s.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: ustar, visc, wsp10, zu
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Z_0
REAL, PARAMETER :: G=9.81
REAL, PARAMETER :: m=0.017, b=-0.005
REAL :: CZC ! variable charnock "constant"
REAL :: wsp10m ! logarithmically calculated 10 m
wsp10m = wsp10*log(10/1e-4)/log(zu/1e-4)
wsp10m = MIN(19., wsp10m)
CZC = m*wsp10m + b
CZC = MAX(CZC, 0.0)
Z_0 = CZC*ustar*ustar/G + (0.11*visc/MAX(ustar,0.07))
Z_0 = MAX( Z_0, 1.27e-7) !These max/mins were suggested by
Z_0 = MIN( Z_0, 2.85e-3) !Davis et al. (2008)
return
END SUBROUTINE edson_etal_2013
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE garratt_1992(Zt,Zq,Z_0,Ren,landsea) 2
!This formulation for the thermal and moisture roughness lengths
!(Zt and Zq) relates them to Z0 via the roughness Reynolds number (Ren).
!This formula comes from Fairall et al. (2003). It is modified from
!the original Garratt-Brutsaert model to better fit the COARE/HEXMAX
!data. The formula for land uses a constant ratio (Z_0/7.4) taken
!from Garratt (1992).
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Ren, Z_0,landsea
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Zt,Zq
REAL :: Rq
REAL, PARAMETER :: e=2.71828183
IF (landsea-1.5 .GT. 0) THEN !WATER
Zt = Z_0*EXP(2.0 - (2.48*(Ren**0.25)))
Zq = Z_0*EXP(2.0 - (2.28*(Ren**0.25)))
Zq = MIN( Zq, 5.5e-5)
Zq = MAX( Zq, 2.0e-9)
Zt = MIN( Zt, 5.5e-5)
Zt = MAX( Zt, 2.0e-9) !same lower limit as ECMWF
ELSE !LAND
Zq = Z_0/(e**2.) !taken from Garratt (1980,1992)
Zt = Zq
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE garratt_1992
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE fairall_etal_2003(Zt,Zq,Ren,ustar,visc) 4
!This formulation for thermal and moisture roughness length (Zt and Zq)
!as a function of the roughness Reynolds number (Ren) comes from the
!COARE3.0 formulation, empirically derived from COARE and HEXMAX data
![Fairall et al. (2003)]. Edson et al. (2004; JGR) suspected that this
!relationship overestimated the scalar roughness lengths for low Reynolds
!number flows, so an optional smooth flow relationship, taken from Garratt
!(1992, p. 102), is available for flows with Ren < 2.
!
!This is for use over water only.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Ren,ustar,visc
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Zt,Zq
IF (Ren .le. 2.) then
Zt = (5.5e-5)*(Ren**(-0.60))
Zq = Zt
!FOR SMOOTH SEAS, CAN USE GARRATT
!Zq = 0.2*visc/MAX(ustar,0.1)
!Zq = 0.3*visc/MAX(ustar,0.1)
ELSE
!FOR ROUGH SEAS, USE COARE
Zt = (5.5e-5)*(Ren**(-0.60))
Zq = Zt
ENDIF
Zt = MIN(Zt,1.0e-4)
Zt = MAX(Zt,2.0e-9)
Zq = MIN(Zt,1.0e-4)
Zq = MAX(Zt,2.0e-9)
return
END SUBROUTINE fairall_etal_2003
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE fairall_etal_2014(Zt,Zq,Ren,ustar,visc,rstoch,spp_pbl) 4
!This formulation for thermal and moisture roughness length (Zt and Zq)
!as a function of the roughness Reynolds number (Ren) comes from the
!COARE 3.5/4.0 formulation, empirically derived from COARE and HEXMAX data
![Fairall et al. (2014? coming soon, not yet published as of July 2014)].
!This is for use over water only.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Ren,ustar,visc,rstoch
INTEGER, INTENT(IN):: spp_pbl
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Zt,Zq
!Zt = (5.5e-5)*(Ren**(-0.60))
Zt = MIN(1.6E-4, 5.8E-5/(Ren**0.72))
Zq = Zt
IF (spp_pbl ==1) THEN
Zt = MAX(Zt + Zt*2.0*rstoch,2.0e-9)
Zq = MAX(Zt + Zt*2.0*rstoch,2.0e-9)
ELSE
Zt = MAX(Zt,2.0e-9)
Zq = MAX(Zt,2.0e-9)
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE fairall_etal_2014
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE Yang_2008(Z_0,Zt,Zq,ustar,tstar,qst,Ren,visc,landsea) 1
!This is a modified version of Yang et al (2002 QJRMS, 2008 JAMC)
!and Chen et al (2010, J of Hydromet). Although it was originally
!designed for arid regions with bare soil, it is modified
!here to perform over a broader spectrum of vegetation.
!
!The original formulation relates the thermal roughness length (Zt)
!to u* and T*:
!
! Zt = ht * EXP(-beta*(ustar**0.5)*(ABS(tstar)**0.25))
!
!where ht = Renc*visc/ustar and the critical Reynolds number
!(Renc) = 70. Beta was originally = 10 (2002 paper) but was revised
!to 7.2 (in 2008 paper). Their form typically varies the
!ratio Z0/Zt by a few orders of magnitude (1-1E4).
!
!This modified form uses beta = 1.5 and a variable Renc (function of Z_0),
!so zt generally varies similarly to the Zilitinkevich form (with Czil = 0.1)
!for very small or negative surface heat fluxes but can become close to the
!Zilitinkevich with Czil = 0.2 for very large HFX (large negative T*).
!Also, the exponent (0.25) on tstar was changed to 1.0, since we found
!Zt was reduced too much for low-moderate positive heat fluxes.
!
!This should only be used over land!
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Z_0, Ren, ustar, tstar, qst, visc, landsea
REAL :: ht, &! roughness height at critical Reynolds number
tstar2, &! bounded T*, forced to be non-positive
qstar2, &! bounded q*, forced to be non-positive
Z_02, &! bounded Z_0 for variable Renc2 calc
Renc2 ! variable Renc, function of Z_0
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Zt,Zq
REAL, PARAMETER :: Renc=300., & !old constant Renc
beta=1.5, & !important for diurnal variation
m=170., & !slope for Renc2 function
b=691. !y-intercept for Renc2 function
Z_02 = MIN(Z_0,0.5)
Z_02 = MAX(Z_02,0.04)
Renc2= b + m*log(Z_02)
ht = Renc2*visc/MAX(ustar,0.01)
tstar2 = MIN(tstar, 0.0)
qstar2 = MIN(qst,0.0)
Zt = ht * EXP(-beta*(ustar**0.5)*(ABS(tstar2)**1.0))
Zq = ht * EXP(-beta*(ustar**0.5)*(ABS(qstar2)**1.0))
!Zq = Zt
Zt = MIN(Zt, Z_0/2.0)
Zq = MIN(Zq, Z_0/2.0)
return
END SUBROUTINE Yang_2008
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE Andreas_2002(Z_0,bvisc,ustar,Zt,Zq) 1
! This is taken from Andreas (2002; J. of Hydromet) and
! Andreas et al. (2005; BLM).
!
! This should only be used over snow/ice!
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Z_0, bvisc, ustar
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: Zt, Zq
REAL :: Ren2, zntsno
REAL, PARAMETER :: bt0_s=1.25, bt0_t=0.149, bt0_r=0.317, &
bt1_s=0.0, bt1_t=-0.55, bt1_r=-0.565, &
bt2_s=0.0, bt2_t=0.0, bt2_r=-0.183
REAL, PARAMETER :: bq0_s=1.61, bq0_t=0.351, bq0_r=0.396, &
bq1_s=0.0, bq1_t=-0.628, bq1_r=-0.512, &
bq2_s=0.0, bq2_t=0.0, bq2_r=-0.180
!Calculate zo for snow (Andreas et al. 2005, BLM)
zntsno = 0.135*bvisc/ustar + &
(0.035*(ustar*ustar)/9.8) * &
(5.*exp(-1.*(((ustar - 0.18)/0.1)*((ustar - 0.18)/0.1))) + 1.)
Ren2 = ustar*zntsno/bvisc
! Make sure that Re is not outside of the range of validity
! for using their equations
IF (Ren2 .gt. 1000.) Ren2 = 1000.
IF (Ren2 .le. 0.135) then
Zt = zntsno*EXP(bt0_s + bt1_s*LOG(Ren2) + bt2_s*LOG(Ren2)**2)
Zq = zntsno*EXP(bq0_s + bq1_s*LOG(Ren2) + bq2_s*LOG(Ren2)**2)
ELSE IF (Ren2 .gt. 0.135 .AND. Ren2 .lt. 2.5) then
Zt = zntsno*EXP(bt0_t + bt1_t*LOG(Ren2) + bt2_t*LOG(Ren2)**2)
Zq = zntsno*EXP(bq0_t + bq1_t*LOG(Ren2) + bq2_t*LOG(Ren2)**2)
ELSE
Zt = zntsno*EXP(bt0_r + bt1_r*LOG(Ren2) + bt2_r*LOG(Ren2)**2)
Zq = zntsno*EXP(bq0_r + bq1_r*LOG(Ren2) + bq2_r*LOG(Ren2)**2)
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE Andreas_2002
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE PSI_Hogstrom_1996(psi_m, psi_h, zL, Zt, Z_0, Za)
! This subroutine returns the stability functions based off
! of Hogstrom (1996).
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zL, Zt, Z_0, Za
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psi_m, psi_h
REAL :: x, x0, y, y0, zmL, zhL
zmL = Z_0*zL/Za
zhL = Zt*zL/Za
IF (zL .gt. 0.) THEN !STABLE (not well tested - seem large)
psi_m = -5.3*(zL - zmL)
psi_h = -8.0*(zL - zhL)
ELSE !UNSTABLE
x = (1.-19.0*zL)**0.25
x0= (1.-19.0*zmL)**0.25
y = (1.-11.6*zL)**0.5
y0= (1.-11.6*zhL)**0.5
psi_m = 2.*LOG((1.+x)/(1.+x0)) + &
&LOG((1.+x**2.)/(1.+x0**2.)) - &
&2.0*ATAN(x) + 2.0*ATAN(x0)
psi_h = 2.*LOG((1.+y)/(1.+y0))
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE PSI_Hogstrom_1996
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE PSI_DyerHicks(psi_m, psi_h, zL, Zt, Z_0, Za) 4
! This subroutine returns the stability functions based off
! of Hogstrom (1996), but with different constants compatible
! with Dyer and Hicks (1970/74?). This formulation is used for
! testing/development by Nakanishi (personal communication).
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zL, Zt, Z_0, Za
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psi_m, psi_h
REAL :: x, x0, y, y0, zmL, zhL
zmL = Z_0*zL/Za !Zo/L
zhL = Zt*zL/Za !Zt/L
IF (zL .gt. 0.) THEN !STABLE
psi_m = -5.0*(zL - zmL)
psi_h = -5.0*(zL - zhL)
ELSE !UNSTABLE
x = (1.-16.*zL)**0.25
x0= (1.-16.*zmL)**0.25
y = (1.-16.*zL)**0.5
y0= (1.-16.*zhL)**0.5
psi_m = 2.*LOG((1.+x)/(1.+x0)) + &
&LOG((1.+x**2.)/(1.+x0**2.)) - &
&2.0*ATAN(x) + 2.0*ATAN(x0)
psi_h = 2.*LOG((1.+y)/(1.+y0))
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE PSI_DyerHicks
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE PSI_Beljaars_Holtslag_1991(psi_m, psi_h, zL)
! This subroutine returns the stability functions based off
! of Beljaar and Holtslag 1991, which is an extension of Holtslag
! and Debruin 1989.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zL
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psi_m, psi_h
REAL, PARAMETER :: a=1., b=0.666, c=5., d=0.35
IF (zL .lt. 0.) THEN !UNSTABLE
WRITE(*,*)"WARNING: Universal stability functions from"
WRITE(*,*)" Beljaars and Holtslag (1991) should only"
WRITE(*,*)" be used in the stable regime!"
psi_m = 0.
psi_h = 0.
ELSE !STABLE
psi_m = -(a*zL + b*(zL -(c/d))*exp(-d*zL) + (b*c/d))
psi_h = -((1.+.666*a*zL)**1.5 + &
b*(zL - (c/d))*exp(-d*zL) + (b*c/d) -1.)
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE PSI_Beljaars_Holtslag_1991
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE PSI_Zilitinkevich_Esau_2007(psi_m, psi_h, zL)
! This subroutine returns the stability functions come from
! Zilitinkevich and Esau (2007, BM), which are formulatioed from the
! "generalized similarity theory" and tuned to the LES DATABASE64
! to determine their dependence on z/L.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zL
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psi_m, psi_h
REAL, PARAMETER :: Cm=3.0, Ct=2.5
IF (zL .lt. 0.) THEN !UNSTABLE
WRITE(*,*)"WARNING: Universal stability function from"
WRITE(*,*)" Zilitinkevich and Esau (2007) should only"
WRITE(*,*)" be used in the stable regime!"
psi_m = 0.
psi_h = 0.
ELSE !STABLE
psi_m = -Cm*(zL**(5./6.))
psi_h = -Ct*(zL**(4./5.))
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE PSI_Zilitinkevich_Esau_2007
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE PSI_Businger_1971(psi_m, psi_h, zL)
! This subroutine returns the flux-profile relationships
! of Businger el al. 1971.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zL
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psi_m, psi_h
REAL :: x, y
REAL, PARAMETER :: Pi180 = 3.14159265/180.
IF (zL .lt. 0.) THEN !UNSTABLE
x = (1. - 15.0*zL)**0.25
y = (1. - 9.0*zL)**0.5
psi_m = LOG(((1.+x)/2.)**2.) + &
&LOG((1.+x**2.)/2.) - &
&2.0*ATAN(x) + Pi180*90.
psi_h = 2.*LOG((1.+y)/2.)
ELSE !STABLE
psi_m = -4.7*zL
psi_h = -(4.7/0.74)*zL
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE PSI_Businger_1971
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE PSI_Suselj_Sood_2010(psi_m, psi_h, zL)
!This subroutine returns flux-profile relatioships based off
!of Lobocki (1993), which is derived from the MY-level 2 model.
!Suselj and Sood (2010) applied the surface layer length scales
!from Nakanishi (2001) to get this new relationship. These functions
!are more agressive (larger magnitude) than most formulations. They
!showed improvement over water, but untested over land.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: zL
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: psi_m, psi_h
REAL, PARAMETER :: Rfc=0.19, Ric=0.183, PHIT=0.8
IF (zL .gt. 0.) THEN !STABLE
psi_m = -(zL/Rfc + 1.1223*EXP(1.-1.6666/zL))
!psi_h = -zL*Ric/((Rfc**2.)*PHIT) + 8.209*(zL**1.1091)
!THEIR EQ FOR PSI_H CRASHES THE MODEL AND DOES NOT MATCH
!THEIR FIG 1. THIS EQ (BELOW) MATCHES THEIR FIG 1 BETTER:
psi_h = -(zL*Ric/((Rfc**2.)*5.) + 7.09*(zL**1.1091))
ELSE !UNSTABLE
psi_m = 0.9904*LOG(1. - 14.264*zL)
psi_h = 1.0103*LOG(1. - 16.3066*zL)
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE PSI_Suselj_Sood_2010
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBROUTINE Li_etal_2010(zL, Rib, zaz0, z0zt) 2
!This subroutine returns a more robust z/L that best matches
!the z/L from Hogstrom (1996) for unstable conditions and Beljaars
!and Holtslag (1991) for stable conditions.
IMPLICIT NONE
REAL, INTENT(OUT) :: zL
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: Rib, zaz0, z0zt
REAL :: alfa, beta, zaz02, z0zt2
REAL, PARAMETER :: au11=0.045, bu11=0.003, bu12=0.0059, &
&bu21=-0.0828, bu22=0.8845, bu31=0.1739, &
&bu32=-0.9213, bu33=-0.1057
REAL, PARAMETER :: aw11=0.5738, aw12=-0.4399, aw21=-4.901,&
&aw22=52.50, bw11=-0.0539, bw12=1.540, &
&bw21=-0.669, bw22=-3.282
REAL, PARAMETER :: as11=0.7529, as21=14.94, bs11=0.1569,&
&bs21=-0.3091, bs22=-1.303
!set limits according to Li et al (2010), p 157.
zaz02=zaz0
IF (zaz0 .lt. 100.0) zaz02=100.
IF (zaz0 .gt. 100000.0) zaz02=100000.
!set more limits according to Li et al (2010)
z0zt2=z0zt
IF (z0zt .lt. 0.5) z0zt2=0.5
IF (z0zt .gt. 100.0) z0zt2=100.
alfa = LOG(zaz02)
beta = LOG(z0zt2)
IF (Rib .le. 0.0) THEN
zL = au11*alfa*Rib**2 + ( &
& (bu11*beta + bu12)*alfa**2 + &
& (bu21*beta + bu22)*alfa + &
& (bu31*beta**2 + bu32*beta + bu33))*Rib
!if(zL .LT. -15 .OR. zl .GT. 0.)print*,"VIOLATION Rib<0:",zL
zL = MAX(zL,-15.) !LIMITS SET ACCORDING TO Li et al (2010)
zL = MIN(zL,0.) !Figure 1.
ELSEIF (Rib .gt. 0.0 .AND. Rib .le. 0.2) THEN
zL = ((aw11*beta + aw12)*alfa + &
& (aw21*beta + aw22))*Rib**2 + &
& ((bw11*beta + bw12)*alfa + &
& (bw21*beta + bw22))*Rib
!if(zL .LT. 0 .OR. zl .GT. 4)print*,"VIOLATION 0<Rib<0.2:",zL
zL = MIN(zL,4.) !LIMITS APPROX SET ACCORDING TO Li et al (2010)
zL = MAX(zL,0.) !THEIR FIGURE 1B.
ELSE
zL = (as11*alfa + as21)*Rib + bs11*alfa + &
& bs21*beta + bs22
!if(zL .LE. 1 .OR. zl .GT. 23)print*,"VIOLATION Rib>0.2:",zL
zL = MIN(zL,20.) !LIMITS ACCORDING TO Li et al (2010), THIER
!FIGUE 1C.
zL = MAX(zL,1.)
ENDIF
return
END SUBROUTINE Li_etal_2010
!--------------------------------------------------------------------
END MODULE module_sf_mynn